Polycrystalline Solar Cells vs Monocrystalline: Which is Better?

Monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar cells are the two main options homeowners have when it comes to installing solar panels. Each of these solar panel types offers unique advantages when it comes to efficiency, appearance, and cost-effectiveness, making them suitable for different needs and preferences. 

In this article, we’ll break down the difference between monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar cells, including how they work, the differences between the two, and how to choose the best one for your home. 

Key takeaways: 

• Monocrystalline solar panels have a sleek, black appearance and are made from a single silicon crystal. They have a higher efficiency rating and perform better in hot temperatures, but are the most expensive option when it comes to residential solar panels. 
• Polycrystalline solar panels have a bluish, speckled appearance and are made by melting together multiple silicon crystals. They're less efficient than monocrystalline panels but also more affordable. 
• Both solar panel types are durable, reliable, and can generate enough electricity to help you power your home with clean, renewable energy and significantly save on electricity bills.
• The choice between mono or poly solar panels largely depends on your available roof space, budget, and personal preference. 

What are monocrystalline solar panels?

Monocrystalline solar panels are distinguished by their sleek and more aesthetically consistent look due to the higher purity of silicon. 

These solar panels are made from a single silicon crystal, giving the electrons that generate electricity more space to move. As a result, monocrystalline solar cells and panels are the most efficient, with an efficiency rating between 15% to over 20%. Being more efficient means monocrystalline solar panels can generate more kilowatt-hours of electricity per square foot, making them an ideal option for homeowners with limited space for a solar array. 

That said, their complex manufacturing process means monocrystalline solar cells cost more per panel compared to polycrystalline. However, this investment pays off in terms of efficiency, longevity, and higher energy production.  

Not only can monocrystalline solar cells produce more electricity than other solar cells, but they also tend to perform better in warm weather. Their lower temperature coefficient means, in high temperatures, “mono” panels have smaller dips in output compared to other solar panels. This translates to a slightly longer lifespan. As well as being heat-tolerant, monocrystalline solar cells also perform better in low-light conditions than similarly-rated polycrystalline solar panels, making them a suitable option for those living in regions with low sunlight. 

See More: Maximizing Solar Efficiency in Extreme Heat: A 2024 Guide

To recap, monocrystalline panels will cost you more upfront, but the long-term benefits – like higher energy output, potentially longer lifespan, and better performance in hot temperatures and low light – makes these solar panels a great choice for anyone who wants to get the most out of their solar investment. 

What are polycrystalline solar panels?

Polycrystalline solar panels, sometimes called multicrystalline, are recognized by their blue-hued photovoltaic (PV) cells. These panels are made by melting together multiple silicon fragments, a less complex manufacturing process that makes them more affordable than monocrystalline panels. Due to their lower price point, polycrystalline panels are an attractive option for homeowners on a tighter budget.

However, the lower costs of polycrystalline panels does come with a few trade-offs. Polycrystalline panels generally have lower efficiency ratings – usually between 13% to 16% – meaning you’ll need more panels to achieve the same power output as monocrystalline panels. If you have limited space for a solar array, this can be an issue. Poly solar cells also have a higher temperature coefficient, which means they won’t perform as well in extreme heat as monocrystalline solar panels. They also tend to have a slightly shorter lifespan. 

To summarize, polycrystalline panels are more cost-effective but less efficient than monocrystalline solar panels. They don’t perform as well in low-light conditions or high temperatures, and have a speckled blue appearance that gives them a less uniform aesthetic. While they might not match the efficiency of monocrystalline panels, they still offer decent durability and performance, and are more accessible for homeowners with a smaller budget.

Keep Reading: How Does Solar Power Work?

What’s the difference between monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar panels?

Let’s dive deeper into monocrystalline vs polycrystalline solar panels, including how they differ in terms of pricing, efficiency, appearance, and lifespan. 

Pricing

When it comes to pricing, monocrystalline panels are more expensive than polycrystalline. This is largely due to how the silicon structure of each solar panel is manufactured. 

Monocrystalline solar panels are made from a single silicon crystal, which requires a very intricate manufacturing process. This naturally makes them more costly – usually between $1 to $1.50 per watt. Polycrystalline solar panels, on the other hand, are made by melting multiple silicon fragments together and cutting them into individual cells. This is a much simpler process that makes them more cost-effective, typically between $0.75 to $1 per watt. 

While monocrystalline panels have a higher upfront cost compared to polycrystalline panels, they tend to provide a better return on investment, especially if you have limited roof space and want to generate the maximum amount of electricity possible. 

Efficiency 

While more expensive, monocrystalline panels are also more efficient than polycrystalline types. This means that you’ll need more polycrystalline panels to generate the same amount of electricity, which can be an issue if you have limited roof space. Generally, monocrystalline panels have efficiency ratings between 15% to 20%, while polycrystalline's efficiency sits between 13% to 16%. 

All solar panels will experience slight dips in efficiency in high temperatures, however monocrystalline panels have lower temperature coefficients, which means they perform better in heat. If you live in an area that gets harsh sun, like here in Arizona, you might see better performance on hot days with mono panels. 

Keep in mind that, while solar panel efficiency is an important consideration, it's less essential if you have a lot of roof space available. Since polycrystalline panels are more affordable, you can compensate for the lower efficiency by installing more. 

See More: 9 Ways to Improve Solar Panel Efficiency and Output

Appearance 

Monocrystalline and polycrystalline panels are also distinguished by their appearance, which is dictated by their unique silicon structure. Monocrystalline panels have a deep black, uniform appearance while polycrystalline panels have a blue hue with a more speckled look due to the multiple crystal structure. 

The choice of which one looks better comes down to personal taste, although many people prefer mono solar panels as they tend to blend in more easily with different home designs.

Lifespan

Both monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar panels are built to last and usually backed by warranties of 25 years or more. The type of silicon cell used in each solar panel type doesn’t really have an effect on longevity, so you can expect both panels to provide reliable electricity for decades. That said, because of their better performance in high heat, monocrystalline panels are considered to have slightly longer lifespans compared to their polycrystalline counterparts. 

Continue Reading: How Long Do Solar Panels Last?

Summary: Polycrystalline vs monocrystalline

Below, we summarize the key differences between monocrystalline and polycrystalline so you can compare them at a glance. 

Should I get monocrystalline or polycrystalline panels?

Both monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar panels will reliably produce clean, renewable energy and help you save money on electricity bills – but which type is best for your home? Your decision usually comes down to budget, personal preference, and the amount of space you have available. 

Budget

Polycrystalline panels are less expensive upfront while monocrystalline panels cost more per panel. That said, monocrystalline panels are also more efficient and can provide greater long-term savings on electricity bills. So while you’d be paying more upfront, you could potentially get higher returns on investment over time. 

Speaking to a reputable solar installer can help you more easily understand which solar panel type makes the most sense for your budget and energy needs.

Personal preference

If you value aesthetics, your choice between monocrystalline or polycrystalline panels might fall on which color or appearance you prefer on your roof. To recap, monocrystalline solar panels have a deep, black, uniform appearance while polycrystalline panels have a slightly speckled bluish tint. 

Available space

The amount of roof or ground space you have available can play a big role when choosing between monocrystalline or polycrystalline panels. Generally, mono panels are more efficient and can produce more electricity per square foot. For example, a monocrystalline panel might produce 350 watts of power while a polycrystalline panel of the same size might produce only 300 watts. 

This makes monocrystalline panels an ideal option for those with limited space, as you can generate more power with fewer panels. If space isn’t a limitation and you have room for a larger solar array, then poly panels might be a more cost-effective option despite their lower efficiency. 

See: How Many Solar Panels Do I Need?

When to choose monocrystalline vs polycrystalline solar panels

Let’s take one last look at the best applications for monocrystalline solar panels compared to polycrystalline panels. 

Monocrystalline solar panels are a great choice for: 

• Limited space: Ideal for smaller installations where maximizing energy output is essential. 

• High temperatures: Better performance in extreme heat, making them suitable for hot climates like the Sonoran desert. 

• Efficiency over cost: Best choice when efficiency is more important than upfront costs. 
• Sleek appearance: Dark, uniform appearance blends better with most roofs. 

Polycrystalline solar panels are a great choice for: 

• Larger areas: Suitable for larger installations where space is abundant. 

• Sun-drenched areas: Perform well in areas that get plenty of sunlight.

• Cost-effective: More affordable, making them ideal for those on a tight budget.

• Less value on aesthetics: Suitable for those who don’t mind the bluish, speckled appearance or less-visible installations.

What other solar panel options are out there?

Besides monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar cells, you can also find thin-film, bifacial, copper indium gallium selenide, and organic solar cells. Let’s take a look at each of these solar cell types: 

• Thin-film solar cells: These are made by depositing a thin layer of PV material on a solid surface, like glass. They're flexible and lightweight but have lower efficiency compared to crystalline solar panels. Thin-film solar panels are mostly used in large-scale industrial and utility installations. 

• Bifacial solar cells: These are designed to generate electricity from both sides for higher efficiency. Bifacial panels can essentially capture both direct sunlight as well as sunlight reflecting off their own surface.

• Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells: These are a subtype of thin-film solar cell, known for being versatile and highly efficient. 

• Organic solar cells: These cells are made from organic materials that act as semiconductors to convert sunlight into electricity. However, their efficiency is lower compared to crystalline solar cells. 

Which is better: Polycrystalline or monycrystalline?

Both polycrystalline and monocrystalline solar cells are ideal for residential solar installations, offering a blend of durability, reliability, and enough electricity to power your home with renewable energy and see significant savings on your energy bills. 

If you value efficiency, want to maximize your solar investment, or have limited space for a solar array, monocrystalline panels are the best option for you. If you’re installing solar power on a tight budget and have no space constraints, polycrystalline panels may be more suitable for your needs. 

For more personalized guidance on which solar panel option is best suited for your home, don’t hesitate to contact our team at Sun Valley Solar Solutions. Our free, no-obligation solar consultations include evaluating your available roof space, energy requirements, and eligibility for financial incentives that can help offset your installation costs by 30% or more. We’ll then help you explore your solar options, including a cost estimate and initial ROI calculation, so you can make a decision you feel confident with. 

Contact us now to start your solar journey.